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Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO)

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[Science Update] Associations between HMOs and bacterial profile and their relationships with infant body composition
This pilot study investigated associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the predominant bacterial species found in human milk, as well as their relationships with body composition of three-month-old exclusively breastfed infants. Altogether, 60 dyads from the Breastfeeding Longitudinal Observational Study of Mothers and Kids (BLOSOM) in Australia were included in the analysis. Among the 60 mothers, 49 were secretors while 11 were non-secretors.
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[Literature library] Correlation between variations in HMO composition and intestinal epithelial barrier
A recently published in vitro study demonstrated that various HMO compositions trigger both common and different intestinal epithelial cell responses. 4 HMO blends were extracted from mature human milk of 4 randomly selected individual mothers in Canada. In this study, barrier-protective effects were considered as one of the ‘core’ functions of HMOs, while immune regulation was considered as an ‘additive’ function of HMOs.
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[Literature library] The influence of FUT-2 and FUT-3 polymorphisms on acute respiratory infections
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. Data (n = 240) from the Microbiota and Health Study in Bangladesh was analyzed to investigate the relationship between FUT-2/3 determining secretor and Lewis status and ARI occurrence in breastfed infants. Maternal secretor and Lewis status are used as a proxy for human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human milk, as FUT-2/3 polymorphisms shape fucosylated HMOs composition.
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[Literature library] Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota
This is a review article summarizing current knowledge of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) including possible HMO utilization strategies of major infant gut bacteria, associated effects of HMOs on infant gut microbiome, as well as immune function.
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[Literature library] Utilization of individual human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) by Bifidobacterium strains
HMOs are considered as main metabolites from human milk which have a direct impact on the gut microbiota composition of infants, yet how particular bacteria respond to individual HMO is not clear. In this study, 12 bacterial strains were isolated from breastfed infant faeces, so as to examine their ability to utilize 5 major HMOs* as a carbon source. Results showed that:
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Q&A from the "What is Learning?" video series - Neurobiology of Learning - Dr. Nora Schneider
Q&A from the "What is Learning?" video series - Neurobiology of Learning - Dr. Nora Schneider
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Q&A from the "What is Learning?" video series - Nutrition and Learning Development - Dr. Nora Schneider
Q&A from the "What is Learning?" video series - Nutrition and Learning Development - Dr. Nora Schneider
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