Subjects
- 181 pregnant women who were recruited at their 25th to 35th gestational week
Measurements
- Vitamin D status was determined by the total serum 25(OH)D concentration, which was defined as 25(OH)D3 + 25(OH)D2 – 3-Epi-25(OH)D3
- According to the clinical practice guidelines of the Endocrine Society Task Force on Vitamin D,
- Vitamin D insufficiency is defined as 25(OH)D concentration < 75 nmol/L
- Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as 25(OH)D concentration ≥ 75 nmol/L
- According to the clinical practice guidelines of the Endocrine Society Task Force on Vitamin D,
- Mineral metabolism was measured by serum levels of various markers: albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, phosphate and ferritin
- The level of caffeine intake was calculated based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire (eFFQ) completed by subjects
- Tool: Nutrition Analysis and Fitness software Food Processor with reference to the USDA food composition table, and the traditional Chinese and local Hong Kong food composition tables
- Tool: Nutrition Analysis and Fitness software Food Processor with reference to the USDA food composition table, and the traditional Chinese and local Hong Kong food composition tables
Results
- Average age of subjects: 32.9 years
- Vitamin D insufficient: 27.6% (50 out of 181)
- Vitamin D sufficient: 72.4% (131 out of 181)
- An association between more caffeine intake and lower serum ALP levels among vitamin D-sufficient pregnant women was observed in univariate regression analyses (β = -0.24, p = 0.006)
- The association persisted after adjusting for maternal age, family income, sun exposure intensity, and vitamin D supplementation duration
- No association between caffeine intake and any of the biochemical indicators within the vitamin D-insufficient subgroup was observed
Conclusion
- Among vitamin D-sufficient pregnant women, caffeine intake was associated with lower serum ALP levels, indicating that vitamin D status might be a potential modifier of health outcomes of caffeine consumption during pregnancy
Link to the full article:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032703/pdf/nutrients-14-01616.pdf
Reference:
Tung KTS et al. Total 25(OH)D concentration moderates the association between caffeine consumption and the alkaline phosphatase level in pregnant women. Nutrients. 2022;14(8):1616.
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WYE-EM-107-AUG-22